A field guide to economics published with Danish administrative data
Survey
Many papers link register data to a survey through the personal identifier: the Labour Force Survey for hours and occupations, the Expenditure Survey to validate imputed consumption, children's cohort surveys, election studies, or a survey the authors fielded themselves. This page collects the questionnaires behind those surveys, so you can see exactly what respondents were asked.
23 surveys used by 29 papers; 19 have question wording online: a full questionnaire, a codebook with the questions, an appendix listing them, or at least the questions quoted in the paper (44 documents in all). Every document was opened and checked before it was listed. Statistics Denmark documents are also mirrored here, because its terms allow free copying with the source credited. Each copy was checked before mirroring (a genuine PDF served from dst.dk, no embedded files, scripts or forms) and shows its SHA-256 checksum. SHARE questionnaires are linked rather than copied, because SHARE-ERIC holds the rights and its conditions of use grant no right to republish them; other documents link to their publishers. The microdata themselves are confidential and accessed through Statistics Denmark or the survey owner.
Official and academic surveys 17
Accounts Statistics for the Non-Agricultural Private Sector (Regnskabsstatistik for private byerhverv), firm accounts survey
Annual mandatory survey of a sample of firms in the non-agricultural private sector (all large firms plus a size-stratified sample of smaller ones, roughly 8,000-9,000 firms around 1999-2003) reporting detailed income statement, balance sheet, investment and employment/hours items; combined with tax-register data for non-sampled firms.
Access: Firm-level microdata (FIRE/REGN registers) via Statistics Denmark researcher access (forskeradgang), linkable to IDA/employer-employee data.
Only the current (2025) reporting form is online; no questionnaire for the 1999-2003 waves used by Bagger et al. (2014) was found. The 2025 draft's question text is embedded as vector graphics (not extractable text) but was confirmed visually (e.g. p.3: Resultatopgørelse items 1-6). Reporter page with XBRL template: https://www.dst.dk/da/Indberet/oplysningssider/regnskabsstatistik. Bagger et al. describe the data in Section 4 and Appendix B (sampling scheme) of the UCL working-paper version.
Children and Youth in Denmark (CYD) / Børn og unge i Danmark - velfærd og trivsel
SFI - Danish National Centre for Social Research, now VIVE (funded by Bikubenfonden) · Survey home page
Repeated cross-section of random samples of Danish children aged about 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 (2009 and 2013; later rounds 2017/2018); parents of the 3- and 7-year-olds and the older children themselves answer by web with telephone follow-up (11-year-olds by personal interview), linked to Statistics Denmark registers.
Access: Survey microdata are held by VIVE; researchers gain access through a VIVE agreement and analyse them linked to registers on Statistics Denmark's research servers.
Rossin-Slater and Wüst use the 2009 CYD wave (custody arrangements), pooled with DALSC 2007 (Appendix C). No questionnaire PDF or codebook found online for 2009 or 2013. The paper's source link (sfi.dk/children_and_young_people_in_denmark-7395.aspx) is defunct and the Wayback Machine could not be reached. No Danish Data Archive study page found.
Copenhagen Life Panel (CLP)
Copenhagen Life Panel research team, Department of Economics / CEBI, University of Copenhagen
Online panel survey of a random sample of adults drawn from the Danish population register, fielded every January since 2020 and linkable to Statistics Denmark administrative registers; the January 2021 wave carried the conditional earnings-expectations instrument of Caplin et al.
Access: Survey data are held by the CLP team on Statistics Denmark's research servers and linked to registers; access by arrangement with the CLP researchers via a DST Research Service project.
No public CLP project website, full-panel questionnaire or codebook was found; only the earnings-risk module (in the St. Louis Fed WP 2023-003 online appendix, dated April 2025) is documented. The ReStud online appendix itself was not located; the restud.com paper page links no supplementary files.
Danish Consumer Expectations Survey / Consumer Confidence Survey (Forbrugerforventningsundersøgelsen, Forbrugerforventninger; part of Statistics Denmark's Omnibus survey)
Statistics Denmark (Danmarks Statistik), within the EU Joint Harmonised Programme of Business and Consumer Surveys (European Commission DG ECFIN) · Survey home page
Monthly repeated cross-section of about 1,500 residents aged 16-74 drawn from the CPR register, interviewed by telephone/web as the first module of Statistics Denmark's Omnibus survey; questions are harmonised with the European Commission's consumer survey and include quantitative inflation perceptions and expectations.
Access: Microdata linked to registers via Statistics Denmark researcher access (forskeradgang); aggregate series in Statistikbanken (FORV1 etc.).
No Danish-language DST questionnaire PDF found online: the DST documentation page lists the 12 indicator questions by topic only, and the European Commission national-questionnaires page has Danish business-survey questionnaires but no Danish consumer questionnaire.
Annual (since 1994) sample survey of private households combining a face-to-face/CAPI interview on fixed and large expenditures over the past 12 months with a 14-day expenditure diary (regnskabshæfte), supplemented with register data; results are usually published as pooled three-year samples.
Access: Microdata via Statistics Denmark's Research Service (register-linkable household files); no public-use file.
No interview questionnaire (interviewskema) or expenditure diary for 1994-1996, or for any later year, was found online at dst.dk, nor a DDA/Rigsarkivet study page; the 1999 method description describes the interview content but does not reproduce question wording. The papers using it do not reproduce questions.
Danish Health and Morbidity Survey 2000 / Danish National Health Interview Survey (Sundheds- og sygelighedsundersøgelsen 2000, SUSY 2000)
National Institute of Public Health (Statens Institut for Folkesundhed, SIF; now part of University of Southern Denmark) · Survey home page
Nationally representative health survey of adults in Denmark combining a personal (face-to-face) interview by Statistics Denmark field staff and a self-administered questionnaire; run in 1987, 1994, 2000, 2005, then as self-administered surveys 2010 onward. The 2000 wave had about 22,500 sampled persons (national, follow-up and county supplementary samples).
Access: Microdata via SIF/SDU application (data linked to registers are accessed through Statistics Denmark or the Danish Health Data Authority research servers).
Health insurance (supplerende sundhedsforsikring) questions appear in the personal interview (around pp. 71-72 of both interview versions). Older 1987/1994 and later 2005+ questionnaires are also on the landing page.
Danish Labour Force Survey (Arbejdskraftundersøgelsen, AKU / LFS)
Quarterly rotating-panel sample survey of persons aged 15-89 (earlier 15-74) resident in Denmark, the Danish part of the EU-LFS; interviews by telephone (CATI) and, since 2016, also web (CAWI), about labour market status in a fixed reference week.
Access: Microdata via Statistics Denmark's Research Service (Forskningsservice) remote access for authorised institutions; linkable to registers by person ID.
Quarterly statistical documentation PDFs are online for 2014 Q3 onwards; the only pre-2025 questionnaire found is the 2018 Q4 core schema. Questionnaires for 2000-2017 (the bulk of the waves used) were not found online; the older link dst.dk/ext/5123632308/0/arbe/AKU-spoergeskemaet--pdf now returns a not-found page.
Danish Longitudinal Survey of Children (DALSC) / Børneforløbsundersøgelsen (Forløbsundersøgelsen af børn født i 1995, 'Årgang 95')
SFI - Danish National Centre for Social Research, now VIVE · Survey home page
Panel of about 6,000 children born in autumn 1995 to mothers with Danish citizenship; mothers (and in early waves fathers) were interviewed at child ages ~0.5, 3, 7, 11, 15 and 18 (1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2014), and the children themselves from age 11.
Access: Microdata are held by VIVE and can be accessed by approved researchers via a VIVE project agreement on Statistics Denmark's research servers, linkable to registers.
No full questionnaire PDF for any wave found online. SFI reports refer to documentation at www.sfi.dk/dalsc, which is no longer online (could not reach the Wayback Machine). The 1998 wave-1 report's appendix has only analysis tables, no questionnaire. No Danish Data Archive (DDA) study page found.
Danish National Election Study (DNES) / Valgundersøgelsen (Det danske Valgprojekt)
Danish Election Programme (Det danske Valgprojekt; Ole Borre, Jørgen Goul Andersen, Hans Jørgen Nielsen et al.), archived by the Danish National Archives (Rigsarkivet, formerly Danish Data Archive) · Survey home page
Post-election face-to-face interview survey of about 1,000-2,000 Danish voters fielded after each Folketing election since 1971 (fieldwork by Gallup / ACNielsen AIM), covering issue priorities, party choice and political attitudes.
Access: Microdata for 1971-2019 are available from the Danish National Archives (Rigsarkivet, digidata.rigsarkivet.dk study pages, DOIs 10.5279/dk-sa-dda-1564, -2210, -4189) on application. Documentation PDFs are freely downloadable.
Study pages: 1990 https://digidata.rigsarkivet.dk/aflevering/36263, 1994 https://digidata.rigsarkivet.dk/aflevering/36578, 1998 https://digidata.rigsarkivet.dk/aflevering/36680. The supplementary surveys (1994 suppl. https://digidata.rigsarkivet.dk/aflevering/36639, DDA-3132; 1998 suppl. https://digidata.rigsarkivet.dk/aflevering/36752, DDA-6301) have codebooks only. The 1994 'bus2.pdf' was not opened. The 1990 omnibus questionnaire and the codebook are scanned images (no text layer). The old dda.dk codebook links on valgprojektet.dk now redirect to rigsarkivet.dk.
Danish Time Use Survey 2001 (DTUS; Danish: Tidsanvendelsesundersøgelsen 2001 / Danskernes tidsanvendelse 2001)
SFI - Danish National Institute of Social Research (now VIVE), with Rockwool Foundation Research Unit; fieldwork by SFI-Survey · Survey home page
Nationally representative survey of 2,739 Danes aged 16-74 (2001; split sample spring/autumn): CAPI home interview with a questionnaire on background, normal weekly paid and household work hours, personal expenditures and well-being, plus self-completed 10-minute time diaries for one weekday and one weekend day by respondent and partner (6,624 diaries); linked to Statistics Denmark registers. Repeat of the 1987 survey; followed by the 2008/09 Danish Time Use and Consumption Survey.
Access: Microdata held by VIVE (formerly SFI) / Rockwool Foundation; researchers access linked survey-register data via a Statistics Denmark research project (no public download found; not located in the DDA catalogue).
The original DTUS 2001 CAPI questionnaire and diary form were not found online (searched VIVE/SFI, Rockwool Foundation, MTUS - which lists Denmark 2001 only as a harmonised simple file with no documentation - and Danish National Archives). Only partial verbatim question wording is available via Browning & Gørtz (2006); Bonke WP 26:2002 describes but does not quote the household-work items. The 1987 questionnaire documentation (MTUS readme) was not checked.
Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS) / Den Nationale Arbejdsmiljøkohorte (NAK)
National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA; formerly Arbejdsmiljøinstituttet, AMI) · Survey home page
Panel/split-panel survey of a representative sample of the Danish workforce (employees and self-employed, initially aged 18-59), interviewed by Statistics Denmark (phone/personal interview, later questionnaire) about every five years from 1990 to 2010; responses are linkable to registers.
Access: Via NFA (contact nfa@nfa.dk) and Statistics Denmark researcher access (forskeradgang) for register-linked versions; project-specific approval.
No questionnaire for the 1995 or 2000 waves found online (searched nfa.dk, arbejdsmiljoforskning.dk, DDA, Eurofound). Taber & Vejlin (2020) Appendix B describes the data but does not reproduce the question on who initiated job termination. The NFA research-data page only lists NAK2005 data on request. Burr et al. (2003, SJWEH 29(4):270-279) describe the 1990-2000 waves.
European Community Household Panel (ECHP); Danish part sometimes called Det Europæiske Husstandspanel
Eurostat, fielded in Denmark by the Danish National Institute of Social Research (SFI, now VIVE) · Survey home page
Harmonised annual household panel run in the EU member states 1994-2001 (eight waves), with a household questionnaire and a personal questionnaire for every member aged 16+, covering income, employment, job satisfaction, health, housing and social relations; the Danish sample was drawn from the CPR register and can be linked to IDA/registers.
Access: Anonymised ECHP UDB microdata via Eurostat's microdata access procedure for research entities; the register-linked Danish file is held by VIVE/Statistics Denmark and used on DST research servers.
No ECHP questionnaire (household/personal, generic or Danish) was found online. The Eurostat ECHP library (CIRCABC 'echpanel' Library, PAN documents) now requires EU Login; the EPUNet ECHP user guide site (epunet.essex.ac.uk) no longer resolves and the Wayback Machine is unreachable from this environment. No DDA/Rigsarkivet study page for the Danish ECHP was found.
International Social Survey Programme 2002: Family and Changing Gender Roles III (ISSP 2002, GESIS ZA3880; Danish component 'ISSP Family 2002')
ISSP Research Group; archived by GESIS (ZA3880). Danish component run by the Danish ISSP programme (Aalborg University, Jørgen Goul Andersen) · Survey home page
Cross-national attitude module on women's employment, family, childcare and division of housework fielded in 34 countries in 2002-03. In Denmark: simple random sample of 2,100 from the CPR register, postal self-completion survey with telephone follow-up, 21 Nov 2002 - 28 Feb 2003, 1,379 respondents (66.2% response). ISSP modules repeat roughly every 10 years (1988, 1994, 2002, 2012).
Access: Integrated data file (ZA3880, doi:10.4232/1.11564) downloadable free from GESIS after registration; Danish national file also at the Danish National Archives (DDA).
GESIS pages (gesis.org, search.gesis.org) return Cloudflare 403 from this environment, so the official Source Questionnaire (ZA3880_bq.pdf) and the Danish country questionnaire on the GESIS ZA3880 page could not be opened or verified; the landing page URL was taken from search results, not opened. The verified codebook is the official GESIS codebook but is hosted on a third-party (SAGE companion) site. No Danish-language questionnaire found.
National school well-being survey / Den nationale trivselsmåling (folkeskolen)
Danish Ministry of Children and Education (Børne- og Undervisningsministeriet; administered by Styrelsen for It og Læring / STUK) · Survey home page
Mandatory annual online questionnaire answered in class by all public-school pupils in grades 0-9 since the 2014/15 school year (about 40 items for grades 4-9, 20 for grades 0-3), covering social and school well-being, learning environment, support, and peace and order.
Used by:Dustmann et al. (2024) · Waves used: as used by Dustmann, Landersø and Andersen (2024)
QuestionnaireDen nationale trivselsmåling - Spørgeskema til elev i 4.-9. klasse (revised version, Nov. 2019)Danish · 2019 revision (in use from 2020) · 5 pages · Items 6 ('Hvor tit kan du finde en løsning på problemer, bare du prøver hårdt nok?'), 7 ('Hvor tit kan du klare det, du sætter dig for?') and 10 ('Hvor tit har du ondt i maven?') are the three items used by Dustmann, Landersø and Andersen (2024)
Access: Pupil-level responses are available to researchers via Statistics Denmark research access (or the Ministry's data service, uddannelsesstatistik.dk 'forskerudlevering'), linkable to registers by pupil ID.
The paper uses responses from 2015 onward (8th-9th grade) on items 6, 7 and 10 of the 4-9 questionnaire, all of which are in the verified 2019 revision. The original 2015-2019 question framework (uvm.dk 160624-trivselsspoergeramme-til-mellemtrin-og-udskoling-2.pdf) now returns 404, so earlier wording could not be checked. Research data documentation 'DVH_Grundskole_Trivselsdata.pdf' on uddannelsesstatistik.dk could not be downloaded (connection reset), so it was not verified.
Producer and Import Price Index for Commodities (Producent- og importprisindeks for varer, PPI) - monthly price survey of firms
Mandatory monthly business survey in which sampled Danish producers and importers report actual prices (typically for 3-5 representative products per product group, price around the 15th of the month, excl. VAT) for goods sold on the home market, exported, or imported; reported electronically via Virk.dk.
Access: Firm-product-level price microdata via Statistics Denmark researcher access (forskeradgang), linkable to firm registers.
The reporting instrument is a pre-filled electronic price form rather than a questionnaire; the field guide is the current version and no archived form for the years used by Renkin and Züllig was found. Reporter page: https://www.dst.dk/da/Indberet/oplysningssider/producent-og-importpriser-for-varer
Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Danish sample (Danish fieldwork title: 'Levevilkår for nutidens og fremtidens ældre')
SHARE-ERIC (Danish part fielded by SFI, now VIVE) · Survey home page
Biennial cross-national panel of persons aged 50+ and their partners, interviewed face to face by CAPI with a paper drop-off questionnaire; Denmark has participated since wave 1 (2004). Bingley and Martinello (2017) use wave 1 (2004) for Denmark, linked to registers.
Access: SHARE scientific-use files are free after registration with the SHARE Research Data Center; the register-linked Danish data (REGLINK-SHAREDK) are available only on Statistics Denmark's research servers.
Questionnaires for later waves are on the same site (share-eric.eu/data/data-documentation/questionnaires/wave-N) but were not needed: the JOLE 2017 paper uses Denmark wave 1.
Survey of immigrants' education brought from abroad (Spørgeskemaundersøgelse om indvandrernes medbragte uddannelse), feeding the education register (HFAUDD/UDDA source 'survey')
Postal Danish-language questionnaire (with instructions in 12 languages) sent in September 1999 to about 159,000 immigrants aged 18-59 who arrived 1970-1998 without a Danish qualifying education, asking about schooling, vocational/higher education and work experience abroad; repeated for later arrival cohorts (to 2004, then from 2016/2017 via language schools, e-Boks web surveys and STAR CV data), with imputation for non-respondents.
Access: Survey-based foreign education is embedded in Statistics Denmark's education register (UDDA/UDDF, variable HFAUDD with source codes), accessed through DST's Research Service.
The questionnaire form itself (1999 or later rounds) and the 12-language instruction sheets are not reproduced in any document found; the 2000 publication describes the questions (highest schooling, vocational/higher education, year completed, practical vs theoretical, work abroad) but does not print the form.
Surveys and experiments fielded by the authors 6
Custom online survey on social positions and fairness views (Hvidberg, Kreiner and Stantcheva)
Authors (Hvidberg, Kreiner, Stantcheva), CEBI, University of Copenhagen; invitations sent via Statistics Denmark · Survey home page
Online Qualtrics survey of Danes born 1969-1973 drawn from the population register and invited via Statistics Denmark (Feb-Mar 2019); elicits perceived income positions in several reference groups, fairness views, and includes a randomised information treatment on true positions. One-off survey, linked to register data.
Access: Survey responses are linked to Danish register data and held on Statistics Denmark servers; access via a Statistics Denmark research project (authors' replication package for RES).
Questions are reproduced in English translation; the original Danish-language Qualtrics instrument was not found online. The published RES online supplementary appendix (doi:10.1093/restud/rdad019) was not checked (OUP site); the NBER revision's Appendix A is the verified source.
Incentivised online time-discounting experiment and survey (Epper, Fehr, Fehr-Duda, Kreiner, Lassen, Leth-Petersen and Rasmussen)
Authors (CEBI, University of Copenhagen / University of Zurich) · Survey home page
Online experiment run in 2015 with a random sample of middle-aged Danes (3,620 completers) invited by letter. It elicits time, risk and social preferences with real payouts to NemKonto and is linked to administrative wealth registers. A 2015 follow-up with 2,096 respondents and a 2018 study with 4,151 Danes born 1967-1986 also asked the 1973 DLSY preferred-income-profile question.
Questions in appendixTime Discounting and Wealth Inequality - Online Appendix (AER 2020)English (with Danish invitation letter facsimile) · 2015 (and 2018 follow-up) · 31 pages · Online Appendix B.1, pp. 3-4 (invitation letter in Danish, with English translation); B.2, p. 5 (Table A1: all 15 intertemporal choice situations); D.1, pp. 22-24 (comparison with the DLSY survey question)
Questions quoted in paperTime Discounting and Wealth Inequality, CEBI Working Paper 08/19 (with appendices)English · 2015 · 67 pages · Section 2, pp. 10-11 (task description and Figure 1 screenshot of the allocation screen); Section 4.1, p. 26 (verbatim wording of the 1973 DLSY job/income-profile question, re-asked to the experiment subsample)
Access: Experimental data are linked to Danish administrative registers on Statistics Denmark's servers and are not public; access is through CEBI / Statistics Denmark research agreements (openICPSR project 115221 holds code only).
The appendix has no full screen-by-screen instructions, no video-instruction scripts and no risk- or social-preference task screens. The paper says each task had video instructions and comprehension questions, but these are not reproduced. The AEA zip (materials/12350) holds only disclosure statements.
Online survey of Danish UI benefit recipients, March 2018 (Altmann, Cairo, Mahlstedt and Sebald), used as auxiliary data on Joblog application coverage
Steffen Altmann, Sofie Cairo, Robert Mahlstedt, Alexander Sebald (University of Copenhagen), fielded via the Danish public employment service; data shared with Fluchtmann, Glenny, Harmon and Maibom · Survey home page
One-off online survey (lottery incentive) of a random sample of Danish UI recipients in March 2018, alongside an RCT on information about UI rules. It covered job-search behaviour, logging of applications in the Joblog system and knowledge of benefit rules, and was linked to Joblog and register data (about 1,236 respondents to the Joblog item).
Questions in appendixFluchtmann, Glenny, Harmon and Maibom, 'Unemployed Job Search across People and over Time', IZA DP 17048, Online Appendix B.6.1English · March 2018 · 77 pages · Appendix B.6.1, pp. 50-51 (PDF pp. 52-53): Table 10 gives the verbatim question 'Which of these statements best describes your use of Joblog?' with its four answer options; Table 11 and the text describe the items on the number of applications sent last month and the number not registered in Joblog (paraphrased, not verbatim)
Access: Not publicly available. The survey was run by the Altmann et al. team and linked to Joblog/register data on Statistics Denmark's research servers; access is via the original authors.
No full questionnaire (Danish original or complete English version) is online. The Joblog-coverage items are reproduced only in Fluchtmann et al. Appendix B.6.1, and DP 15747 reproduces only the benefit-knowledge items. Fluchtmann et al. cite the source as Altmann, Cairo, Mahlstedt and Sebald (2019), 'Complexity and the Effectiveness of Public Policy' (also called Mahlstedt et al. 2019), which is the earlier title of IZA DP 15747. The extended abstract (conference.iza.org/DATA_2018/mahlstedt_r7298.pdf) returned 503.
Telephone survey of Special Pension (SP) account holders on use of the 2009 SP payout
Authors (Kreiner, Lassen, Leth-Petersen); fielded by Epinion · Survey home page
Telephone survey (weeks 4-7 of 2010, about 6,000 completed interviews, 40 questions, 10-12 minutes) of a random sample of SP account holders, asking how the 2009 SP payout was allocated plus financial situation and expectations; merged with register data. One-off.
Access: Survey responses merged with register data at Statistics Denmark; access only via a Statistics Denmark research project.
The full 40-question Epinion questionnaire is not published; only the payout-allocation question (KLL 2019) and the income question (NBER w19539) are quoted verbatim. The AEA online appendix (https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/materials/10252) has tables only, no questions.
Telephone survey on awareness of the income-shifting opportunity (Capacent Epinion omnibus, January 2011)
Authors (Kreiner, Leth-Petersen, Skov); fielded by Capacent Epinion · Survey home page
Two questions included in a telephone survey of a random sample of the Danish adult population in January 2011 (response rate 67%), merged to the eIncome payroll register (878 taxpayers in the analysis sample). One-off.
Access: Survey linked to SKAT eIncome register at Statistics Denmark; access only via a Statistics Denmark research project.
No standalone questionnaire exists online; the AEA online appendix (https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/materials/5892) only shows results for survey respondents (Fig. A2/A3) and does not reproduce the questions. The survey consisted of only the two questions quoted in the paper (embedded in an Epinion omnibus).
Telephone survey on risk willingness, patience and impulsivity of respondents and their parents (January 2014)
Authors (Kreiner, Leth-Petersen, Willerslev-Olsen) · Survey home page
Telephone survey of 1,748 individuals in January 2014 asking respondents to rate themselves and each parent on 1-10 scales for risk willingness, patience and impulsivity; linked to loan and population registers. One-off.
Access: Survey linked to SKAT loan register and population registers at Statistics Denmark; access only via a Statistics Denmark research project.
No standalone questionnaire published; the three self-assessment items (adapted from SOEP-style questions) are quoted in the paper. Survey fielder not named in the paper. Economic Journal online appendix not checked (OUP).